Free radical

свободный радикал

Англо-русский политехнический словарь

Free radical

noun an especially reactive atom or group of atoms that has one or more unpaired electrons; especially one that is produced in the body by natural biological processes or introduced from an outside source (as tobacco smoke, toxins, or pollutants) and that can damage cells, proteins, and DNA by altering their chemical structure

Merriam-Webster's Collegiate Dictionary