Identity element

(логический) элемент эквивалентности; (логический) элемент одноимённости

Англо-русский политехнический словарь

Identity element

noun an element (as 0 in the set of all integers under addition or 1 in the set of positive integers under multiplication) that leaves any element of the set to which it belongs unchanged when combined with it by a specified operation

Merriam-Webster's Collegiate Dictionary