Expansion card

noun a circuit board connecting to a motherboard which expands the capabilities of a computer

Merriam-Webster's Collegiate Dictionary

Expansion card

A circuit board which can be plugged into one of a computer's expansion slots to provide some optional extra facility such as additional RAM, disk controller, coprocessor, graphics accelerator, communication device or some special-purpose interface. Different computers have different standards for the cards they accept, e.g. PCI.

Free Online Dictionary of Computing